In recent years, there has been a concerning trend in the world of healthcare: an increase in colorectal cancer rates among young adults. Traditionally, colon cancer was thought to be a disease of older adults, but today, more and more people under the age of 50 are being diagnosed. Though the exact cause of this increase is not fully understood, it is undoubtedly concerning. In this blog post, we will delve into the reasons behind this alarming rise, the importance of screening, and what you can do to stay healthy. Let’s get started.
What Do Studies Show About Colon Cancer in Young Adults?
Colon cancer is a growing concern among young adults, including those in their 20s and 30s. Doctors at Yale Medicine have observed an alarming increase in young patients being diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Even some individuals as young as 18 have received this diagnosis. According to their studies, the year 2019 marked a significant shift, with 20% of colon cancer diagnoses occurring in individuals under the age of 55, a stark contrast to the rates seen in 1995.
Consequently, medical experts have adjusted their recommendations, now advising that screening for colon cancer should commence at age 45 instead of the previously suggested age of 50. Below, we will highlight some of the potential reasons for rising colon cancer rates in younger people.
When Should I Start Screening for Colon Cancer?
Traditionally, people began getting screened for colon cancer around the age of 50. However, because more young adults are now being diagnosed with this cancer, the guidelines have changed. Today, experts recommend that if you have certain risk factors, like a family history of colon cancer, you should think about starting screening earlier, in your 40s. It’s crucial to talk to your doctor about your specific risk factors to determine the right time to begin screening.
This shift in recommendations is a response to the rising cases of colon cancer among younger individuals. It’s a way to catch potential problems early and increase the chances of successful treatment.
What Are the Test Options for Screening?
When it comes to screening for colon cancer, there are several test options available. These tests are designed to detect any signs of colon cancer early, making it easier to treat successfully. Let’s explore some of these screening methods.
Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a crucial screening procedure in the fight against colon cancer. It serves as both a diagnostic and preventive tool, allowing healthcare providers to examine the colon’s inner lining for any signs of abnormalities, particularly polyps or cancerous growths. Unlike other screening methods, a colonoscopy offers the advantage of immediate action if any concerning findings emerge. During the procedure, a slender, flexible tube equipped with a tiny camera, known as a colonoscope, is gently inserted through the rectum and maneuvered through the colon.
This camera provides a real-time visual feed on a monitor, enabling doctors to meticulously assess the entire length of the colon. Here at The Center for Health and Cancer Prevention in Virginia, we offer colonoscopies. You can learn more about the process here.
Fecal Occult Blood Test
This is a simple at-home test that checks for hidden blood in the stool, which can be a sign of colon cancer. It’s recommended annually and is non-invasive.
Stool DNA Test
This is another at-home test that looks for altered DNA in the stool, which could indicate the presence of cancer or precancerous polyps. It’s typically done every three years.
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
This procedure is similar to a colonoscopy but only examines the lower part of the colon. Polyps and cancers can be detected and removed during the procedure.
CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy)
This is a non-invasive test that uses X-rays and computers to create detailed images of the colon. It is typically done every five years.
What Are the Potential Reasons for Rising Colon Cancer Cases in Younger People?
The surge in colon cancer cases among young people is a pressing concern. As noted above, while the exact causes are not entirely clear, recent developments shed light on possible contributing factors. Lifestyle choices continue to be a significant influence, with sedentary habits, obesity, smoking, and diets high in processed meats and low in fiber playing roles in this alarming trend.
Moreover, genetics has been a point of interest, as some individuals may have hereditary factors that increase their susceptibility to colon cancer. However, it’s essential to note that a significant portion of these cases appears to occur sporadically, not tied to any specific genetic syndrome. This underscores the complexity of the issue.
What Are the Signs and Symptoms?
Recognizing the signs and symptoms of colon cancer is essential for early detection and prompt medical attention. While colon cancer can be asymptomatic in its early stages, it may present various indications as it advances. Let’s highlight some of the signs and symptoms you should be aware of.
Changes in Bowel Habits
One of the most common early signs is a change in your bowel habits. This could include persistent diarrhea, constipation, or a change in the consistency of your stool.
Blood in the Stool
If you notice blood in your stool or on the toilet paper, it’s a significant red flag. Blood can be bright red or dark, and it may indicate bleeding in the colon or rectum.
Unexplained Weight Loss
Unexpected and unexplained weight loss can occur as cancer progresses. If you’re losing weight without changes in diet or exercise, it’s worth investigating.
